Top-Angebote für 50 Reichsmark in Papiergeld der Deutschen Reichbank (1924-1945) online entdecken bei eBay. Payment was about to come due giving Hitler the option of shifting the German economy to export goods to pay the bills or going to war and paying the debts off by looting profits extracted from conquered states. Deswegen konnte sie nicht gegen Währungsgoldmünzen getauscht werden, auch wenn es zwar n… P-178: 1.000 Reichsmark. Deswegen konnte sie nicht gegen Währungsgoldmünzen getauscht werden, auch wenn es zwar nach § 31 Reichsbankgesetz so sein sollte, doch wie wir alle wissen, liegen zwischen Theorie und Praxis oft Welten. Der Wechselkurs von alter Papiermark zu neuer Reichsmark betrug 1.000.000.000.000:1 (eine Billion zu eins). 1,05 Mark Gold. Dieser Shop verwendet Session-Cookies ausschliesslich zur Verwaltung des Warenkorbs und Login-Status. So gab es vereinzelt noch 10- und 20-Mark-Goldmünzen, die auch nach der Kaiserzeit bis 1938 auch als Zahlungsmittel anerkannt wurden, doch es war eher selten, dass man diese in den Händen hielt. The 5, 10, and 50 Reichspfennig were struck in aluminium-bronze and depicted wheat stocks crossed into a stylized pattern. 09. Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices. Die Umtauschfrist war damals schon 80 Jahre abgelaufen, dennoch wollte er es versuchen – und scheiterte kläglich. 363 Euro entstanden, doch ob diese auch eingefordert wurden, ist unklar. From 1936 on, all coins except the 1 Reichsmark and the first version (1935–36) of the 5 Reichsmark coin (bearing the image of the late Reichspräsident Paul von Hindenburg) bore the Nazi state insignia. In November 1945, the Reichsmark was superseded by the Allied Military Schilling in Austria. Angebotsumfang: Lot & Sammlung. Special issues of Reichsmark currency were issued for use by the German Armed Forces from 1942 to 1944. Note the golden color from a aluminum-bronze composition, Prewar 10 Reichspfennig (reverse) which also has a distinctive golden color. [citation needed]. There were different AMCs for each liberated area of Europe. Infoportal rund um die D-Mark und den Euro. P-151 : REICHSBANKNOTEN - resumed Reichsmark System. Notes were issued for ½, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 1,000 Mark (not Reichsmark). Production of the 3 Reichsmark coin ceased altogether. Hätte er es doch besser auf eBay oder ähnlichem versucht. Banknoten Weimar / Drittes Reich 1923-1945 (268) Banknoten Bundesrepublik (503) 0-Euro-Souvenir-Scheine (11) Banknoten DDR (308) Besonderheiten Deutsches Reich bis 1933 (9) Besonderheiten Drittes Reich (236) Besonderheiten Deutschland 1945-1949 (13) Besonderheiten DDR (344) Banknoten Deutsche Kolonien und Nebengebiete (811) The Reichsmark was introduced in 1924 as a permanent replacement for the Papiermark. After the war, the Allies issued coins in relatively small numbers between 1945 and 1948: These coins were issued with designs very similar to those minted in 1944–45, with the exception that the swastika was removed from beneath the eagle on the reverse. In der sowjetischen Zone wurde ab da mit der Deutschen Mark der Deutschen Notenbank bzw. Zwar gab es schon eine Stabilisierung durch die Rentenmark (November 1923), aber das sollte nicht voll und ganz reichen. The Reichsmark was subdivided into 100 Reichspfennig (rpt or ℛ₰). Allerdings gab es einen Unterschied, denn die deutsche Reichsmark war nicht als reine Goldstandardwährung anzusehen, wie es bei der Goldmark der Fall war. Not all mints were authorized to produce coins every year. Januar 1999 als Buchgeld und dann ab dem 1. The first embossing order, which was issued in April 1940, was about 40 million × 5 ℛ₰ and 100 million × 10 ℛ₰. Je nach Kurs können Sie sich selbst errechnen, was fünf Reichsmark wert wären. Die Reichsmark diente von 1924 bis 1948 als offizielles Zahlungsmittel im deutschen Reich. Lesezeit: < 1 Minute In der Themenreihe „Vom Tauschhandel bis zum Euro“ wurde Ihnen im dritten Teil der Serie die Einführung des Papiergeldes vorgestellt, die insbesondere bei hohen Summen eine sehr große Handelserleichterung darstellte. The exchange rate between the old Papiermark and the Reichsmark was 1 ℛℳ = 10 12 Papiermark (one trillion in US English and French, one billion in German and other European languages and UK English of the time; … Die Reichsmark von 1924 bis 1948. 11.10.1924 Issue: 10 Reichsmark. In preparation for the occupation of Germany, the United States issued occupation banknotes dated 1944, printed by the Forbes Lithograph Printing Company of Boston. Lower denominations were produced in zinc from 1940 onwards. August 1924. Der Österreichische Schilling konnte 1,5:1 getauscht werden, später allerdings gleich sich dies auf 1:1 ein. Die fiktive Golddeckung betrug 1/2790 kg Feingold. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg brach auch die Reichsmark zusammen. Allerdings gab es einen Unterschied, denn die deutsche Reichsmark war nicht als reine Goldstandardwährung anzusehen, wie es bei der Goldmark der Fall war. 1948 wurden die Deutsche Mark in den drei westlichen Besatzungszonen und die Mark der DDR in der sowjetischen Besatzungszone eingeführt. On the smaller denomination Reichspfennig coins, the mint mark is found on the bottom center of the coin. Government economists understood the dang… Dies geschah, als das Land sich 1938 anschloss. The Reichsmark (German: [ˈʁaɪçsˌmɐ̯k] (listen); sign: ℛℳ) was the currency in Germany from 1924 until 20 June 1948 in West Germany, where it was replaced with the Deutsche Mark, and until 23 June 1948 in East Germany when it was replaced by the East German mark. Banknotes were issued between 1939 and 1945 in denominations of 50 Reichspfennig, 1, 2, 5, 20, and 50 Reichsmark. A newer version of 20 Reichsmark note was introduced in 1939, using a design taken from an unissued Austrian 100 schilling banknote type. 2 photo. The last production of coins bearing the swastika was in 1944 (1, 5, 10, and 50 Reichspfennig) and 1945 (1 and 10 Reichspfennig only). Jahrhundert leitete sich daraus die Münzbezeichnung des alt germanischen Wortes ab. The Reichsmark was replaced in June 1948 by the Deutsche Mark in the Trizone (three western occupation zones) and (in the Soviet occupation zone) later in the same year by the East German Mark (colloquially also "Ostmark", since 1968 officially "Mark der DDR") in East Germany. 1 Million Mark-Geldschein-Deutsches Reich-Köln-Kalk-Nr.049247-vom 8.August 1923-. The zinc 10 Reichspfennig coin was minted by Nazi Germany between 1940 and 1945 during World War II, replacing the bronze-aluminum version, which had a distinct golden color. Sammlung 76 vers. Wenn Sie fortfahren, diese Seite zu verwenden, nehmen wir an, dass Sie damit einverstanden sind. The coins were originally planned in great numbers of 100 million and 250 million each of the 5 ℛ₰ and 10 ℛ₰ coins respectively. This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete. Deutschland 20 Reichsmark 1939, Deutschland 20 Reichsmark 1939 günstig bei MA-Shops kaufen Geprägt wurde das Geld auf dem Material 900er-Silber, wodurch ein Silberanteil von 90 Prozent entsteht, also ein Reingewicht von 12,5 Gramm. Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands | affordable prices. Despite its parlous economic condition, the Weimar government decided to support this strike by continuing to pay striking workers. [citation needed], Deutsche Gesellschaft für öffentliche Arbeiten AG (English: German Society for Public Works plc), founded 1 August 1930, ended up issuing 1.26 billion Reichsmarks of Öffa bills to finance public construction. Concentration camp and POW Reichsmark currency, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Pictorial list of postage stamps in Nazi Germany, "10 Reichspfennig - Germany - 1871-1948 - Numista", Historical Currency Conversion Tables, Reichsmarks to Dollars, 1870s-2012, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reichsmark&oldid=1003775945, Zinc and aluminum coins minted in Germany and occupied territories during World War II, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from June 2010, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from June 2010, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Articles lacking in-text citations from February 2017, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles needing additional references from November 2016, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016, Articles to be expanded from November 2018, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles to be expanded from September 2012, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 5 ℛℳ, 10 ℛℳ, 20 ℛℳ, 50 ℛℳ, 100 ℛℳ, 1,000 ℛℳ, 1 ℛ₰, 2 ℛ₰, 5 ℛ₰, 10 ℛ₰, 50 ℛ₰, 1 ℛℳ, 2 ℛℳ, 5 ℛℳ, This page was last edited on 30 January 2021, at 16:49. Five Reichsmark notes were issued in 1942. Since these were convertible to U.S. dollars at a rate of 10:1, the exercise financed the Soviet occupation while causing inflation and financial instability. The Reichsmark was introduced in 1924 as a permanent replacement for the Papiermark. November 1945 der Fall, als die Reichsmark ungültig wurde. Deutsche Sammlermünzen gibt es zwar viele, doch die RM gehört eher nicht dazu. When the embossing stopped, only Berlin ("A") and Munich ("D") produced significant quantities, but they still came to only a small extent of original production plans. Umrechnung Euro in AUD Australische Dollar, Umrechnung Euro in Chinesischer Renminbi Yuan, Umrechnung Euro in CZK Tschechische Kronen, Umrechnung Euro in GTQ Guatemaltekische Quetzal, Umrechnung Euro in ISK Isländische Kronen, Umrechnung Euro in MXN Mexikanische Pesos, Umrechnung Euro in STD São-toméischer Dobra. DengRen 1912 Carved Reichsmark German Coins- Europe Coins- Uncirculated Commemorative Old Coin + KaiKBax Bag - Gift for Dad/Boyfriends/Husband Satisfactory Service. Von 1945 bis 1948 wurden zwar noch neue Kleinmünzen geprägt, die dieses Mal ohne Hakenkreuz daherkamen, doch Reichspfennig und Deutsches Reich war immer noch auf den 1, 5 und 10 Pfennigen zu lesen. Für den Westen war der 21. These were printed in similar colours with different sizes for groups of denominations. A number of companies were created with inadequate capital for their operations and authorized to issue bonds exchangeable at a 1:1 rate for Reichsmarks and sold at a discount. For all intents and purposes, it was supplanted by a barter economy (commonly, "cigarette currency"). Euro gewesen wäre? Bei Historia Hamburg finde sie auch Deutsche Mark und Reichsmark, Sondermünzen und Zubehör Ein Brot kostet 105 Milliarden Reichsmark, ein Straßenbahnticket 150 Milliarden Mark, ein US-Dollar 4,2 Billionen Mark. Nazi Germany had a number of mints. [3], Various special issues of Reichsmark currency were issued for use in concentration and prisoner of war (POW) camps. Bevor der Euro und die Deutsche Mark als offizielles Zahlungsmittel im Umlauf waren, gab es die „Reichsmark“, welche von 1924 bis 1948 gültig, also während des Endes der Weimarer Republik und während der NS-Zeit. Natürlich, Sie versuchen es in Geld zu machen, was Sie heute nutzen können. „Mark“ wie wir es heute im Gebrauch haben, hat eine lange Geschichte. The 1971-2005 data in this left-hand table are from Triacom, a translation services company in Barendorf, Germany. Old Bank Note Nazi Germany 5 Reichsmark 1942 World War Ii Swastika - M15527506 2 photo. The 1948 currency reform under the direction of Ludwig Erhard is considered the beginning of the West German economic recovery; however, the secret plan to introduce the Deutsche Mark in the Trizone was formulated by economist Edward A. Tenenbaum of the US military government, and was executed abruptly on 21 June 1948. P-177. Die Reichsmark war damit im täglichen … This was followed by a second issue in the same denominations, dated between 1929 and 1936. ... (Abs. [citation needed], MEFO was a dummy company that was formed with relatively small amounts of capital that was used to finance German rearmament off the books. German 200-Mark, 1923 A, 1923 D, 200 Deutsches ReichMark, Coins from Germany, Vintage Coins, German Empire, Deutsches Reich, Pre Euro Coins DanishCoins 5 out of 5 stars (35) Deutschland 20.000 Reichsmark 1923, Deutschland 20.000 Reichsmark 1923 MA Coin shops The discrepancy with the eh.net table on the right is because the left-hand table has first trade date of the year values, while the right-hand table has annual averages. Bei der Reichsmark sieht das allerdings anders aus. Danach folgten die D-Mark von 1948 bis 1998 und anschließend der Euro ab 1. It issued bills without backing by its own resources but which were guaranteed redeemable at 1:1 for Reichsmarks for five years by the government. The 1 and 2 Reichspfennig were struck in bronze, and depicted a wheat sheaf. Der Mefo-Wechsel und die Kriegsjahre (1939 bis 1945) sorgten dafür, dass das Geldvolumen immer weiter ausgedehnt werden musste. Ab dem 15. It is therefore possible to identify exactly which mint produced what coin by noting the mint mark on the coin. 3 Reichsmark Münzen der Weimarer Republik. Vielmehr handelte es sich um eine Goldkernwährung, die allerdings weniger im Umlauf waren. It is worth 1/10 or .10 of a Reichsmark. Due to their composition, these coins had poor durability and are hard to find in very good condition. Three days later, the new currency also replaced the Reichsmark in the three Western sectors of Berlin. The second issue notes of 1, 5, 10, and 50 Reichsmark were equal in value to the ordinary German Reichsmark and were printed on both sides. Am Ende sind ihm sogar noch Kosten von ca. The exchange rate between the old Papiermark and the Reichsmark was 1 ℛℳ = 10 Papiermark (one trillion in US English and French, one billion in German and other European languages and UK English of the time; see long and short scales). The eagle had two standard designs on most coin denominations, a soaring eagle and large swastika depicted on most earlier issues, and a more "aggressive" eagle with less prominent swastika which became predominant in the 1940s. This series was printed on only one side. The 5 Mark note pictured, front and back, is Allied military currency ("AMC") printed at Forbes Lithograph Manufacturing Company in Boston for occupied Germany. Interessante Banknoten sammeln aus Deutschland - DM. The majority were melted down due to the limited supply of metal and thus, most mint marks are now quite rare (except for 1940 5 A and D, and 1940 10 A). Reichsbanknoten Mark Geldscheine Kaiserzeit bis Inflation. With the unification of Germany and Austria in 1938, the Reichsmark replaced the Schilling in Austria. EUR 4,00 Versand. The Reichsmark was put on the gold standard at the rate previously used by the Goldmark, with the U.S. dollar worth 4.2 ℛℳ. The MEFO bills amounts were considered a state secret and were an important element in the impression that Hitlerian economics was a success. Each mint location had its own identifiable letter. What was the worth of 1 billion German mark in 1923 or 1000 Polish zloty in 1980? P-176. The rates were as follows: After the Second World War, the Reichsmark continued to circulate in Germany, but with new banknotes (Allied Occupation Marks) printed in the US and in the Soviet Zone, as well as with coins (without swastikas). Production of silver 1 Reichsmark coins ended in 1927. P-175: 20 Reichsmark. See Brüningtaler (in German). This company essentially created a large amount of Reichsmarks off the books, inflating the currency in secret. The mints were also only authorized to produce a set number of coins with some mints allocated a greater production than others. Papiergeld der Deutschen Rentenbank stoppte die Hyperinflation im Jahr 1923. The total amount was divided between each of the seven German mints after the embossing key of 1939. Dies war gesetzlich so festgelegt und nicht unbekannt, denn schon zum Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges 1914 war dies so. 50 Reichsmark. Als die Papiermark durch die Hyperinflation vollkommen wertlos geworden war, war die Zeit der Reichsmark gekommen. It is not to be confused with. Top Marken Günstige Preise Große Auswahl Reichsbank 1924-1945. The first issue was denominated in 1, 5, 10, and 50 Reichspfennig and 1 Reichsmark, but was valued at 1 military Reichspfennig = 10 German Reichspfennig. The issuer was the Alliierte Militärbehörde ("Allied military authorities") with In Umlauf gesetzt in Deutschland ("in legal circulation in Germany") printed on the obverse. Juni 1948 und für den Osten der 23. Between 1933 and 1939, a number of commemorative 5 Reichsmark pieces were issued. Bereits kurze Zeit nach der Einführung der D-Mark wurde der Umtausch der Reichsmark gestoppt. Hyperinflation affected the German Papiermark, the currency of the Weimar Republic, between 1921 and 1923, primarily in 1923.It caused considerable internal political instability in the country, the occupation of the Ruhr by France and Belgium as well as misery for the general populace. Was an annual wage of 25 pounds per year in 1780 much compared to the wage rates at the time? Auf dieser Seite möchten wir Ihnen die 3 Reichsmark Gedenkmünzen der Weimarer Republik vorstellen, welche im Zeitraum zwischen 1925 und 1932 ausgegeben wurden. None were legal tender in Germany itself. Wir verwenden Cookies, um Ihnen das beste Nutzererlebnis bieten zu können. Prewar bronze 1 Reichspfennig (reverse) with a color similar to a U.S. penny, Prewar 5 Reichspfennig (reverse). The Reichsbank rediscounted the bills of these companies creating a monetary expansion without formally renouncing the link to gold. The two highest denominations were struck in .500 fine silver and depicted the German eagle standard. EUR 22,22. Anfangs klang die Ausdehnung sicherlich noch gut, doch bald wurde genau das bittere Realität, was sicher einige schon vermuteten: Der deutsche Reichsmark Wert sank immer weiter. This was necessary due to the 1920s German inflation which had reached its peak in 1923. With the silver 2 and 5 Reichsmark coins, the mint mark is found under the date on the left side of the coin. 34 Beobachter. It did so by increasing print runs of banknotes, a policy the government had been using intermittently since 1921. Dies wiederum führte dazu, dass die Bürger begannen, die Silbermünzen zu verstecken und sich einen Vorrat anzulegen, was allerdings verboten war. An investigation by the United States Congress (Occupation Currency Transactions Hearings before the Committee on Appropriations, Armed Services and Banking and Currency, U.S. Senate, 1947) found that about $380,000,000 "more currency than there were appropriations for" had been circulated. The exchange rate between the old Papiermark and the Reichsmark was 1 ℛℳ = 1012 Papiermark (one trillion in US English and French, one billion in German and other European languages and UK English of the time; see long and short scales). Get the best deals on 1923 Year Banknotes German Paper Money when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. Etablierter Münzhändler seit 1993 Sie hieß Rentenmark, weil sie mit Rentenerträgen von Grundstücksbeleihungen abgedeckt war. The first Reichsmark banknotes were introduced by the Reichsbank and state banks such as those of Bavaria, Saxony and Baden. 1,05 Mark Gold Watermark "5" P-149. Die Währungsreformen machten das Geld praktisch von heute auf morgen ungültig und die Deutsche Mark wurde eingeführt. To stabilize the economy and to smooth the transition, the Papiermark was not directly replaced by the Reichsmark, but by the Rentenmark, an interim currency backed by the Deutsche Rentenbank, owning industrial and agricultural real estate assets. Mark der deutschen Notenbank  und noch später Mark bezahlt. Mitte der 1930er Jahre war die Hochzeit der Reichsmark. In 1925, .500 fine silver 1 and 2 Reichsmark coins were introduced for circulation, along with the first of many commemorative 3 and 5 Reichsmark coins. Deutschland 20.000 Reichsmark 1923, Deutschland 20.000 Reichsmark 1923 günstig bei MA-Shops kaufen The Soviet Union demanded copies of the engraving plates, ink, and associated equipment in early 1944, and on 14 April 1944 Henry Morgenthau and Harry Dexter White of the U.S. Treasury Department authorized the immediate air transfer of these to the USSR. 2,10 Mark Gold. They generated it from oanda.com; see: Daily Rates section, below. In early 1923, German workers embarked on a prolonged general strike as a protest against the occupation of the Ruhr by French troops. 1945 endete der zweite Weltkrieg, die RM blieb allerdings noch bis zum Juni 1948 in den Besatzungszonen erhalten. Ob sich der Verkauf allerdings wirklich lohnt, ist fraglich, denn aufgrund der großzügig produzierten Stückzahlen, die zu einem großen Teil bereits eingeschmolzen wurden, sind Sammler nicht allzu interessiert. 1924 löste die mit Gold gedeckte Reichsmark die Rentenmark ab. Dies war am 30. Banknoten Weimar / Drittes Reich 1923-1945 (267) Banknoten Bundesrepublik (502) 0-Euro-Souvenir-Scheine (11) Banknoten DDR (308) Besonderheiten Deutsches Reich bis 1933 (9) Besonderheiten Drittes Reich (235) Besonderheiten Deutschland 1945-1949 (13) Besonderheiten DDR (344) Banknoten Deutsche Kolonien und Nebengebiete (811) P-150. Die fiktive Golddeckung betrug 1/2790 kg Feingold. $3.09 $ 3. Holed, zinc coins in 5 and 10 Reichspfennig denominations were struck in 1940 and 1941. To stabilize the economy and to smooth the transition, the Papiermark was not direct… Bei Auktionen können Sie Glück haben und etwas mehr als den Silberwert erwirtschaften, da es dabei vielen um den Sammelwert geht. P-148. Juli 1948 der Tag, an dem man sich von der RM verabschieden musste. 100 Reichsmark. In 1947 Rhineland-Palatinate issued 5 and 10 Pfennig notes with Geldschein on them. Das Gebiet des nationalsozialistischen Österreichs bekam die Reichsmark. In 1937, nickel 50 Reichspfennig coins were issued and continued to be produced up to 1939, before reverting to aluminum. Unser „Reichs-, Renten- und Goldmark zu Euro Umrechner“. November 1923 war die deutsche Währung durch die Einführung der Rentenmark stabilisiert worden. Paper Money: World - Europe - Germany Numismatic Directory, With values and Images (Page 1) ... 1933 50 Reichsmark Nazi Germany Currency Banknote Note Money Bank Bill Cash Wwii ... 27 Unc. The 1, 2, and 5 Reichsmark coins were no longer issued, replaced instead by banknotes. During the Second World War, Germany established fixed exchange rates between the Reichsmark and the currencies of the occupied and allied countries, often set so as to give the Germans economic benefits. It formed the baseline model for further fraudulent issues of bills. The Mark is an ancient Germanic weight measure, traditionally a half pound, later used for several coins; whereas Reich, that is realm in English, comes from the official name for the German nation state from 1871 to 1945, Deutsches Reich. Dann lesen Sie weiter. Januar 2002 als Bargeld. 23.10.1923 Interim Treasury Bonds: 0,42 Mark Gold. Known as the Brüningtaler or Armer Heinrich ("poor Heinrich"), they were demonetized the following year. Jahrhundert wird es als Bezeichnung für ein Gewicht genutzt, im 15. From 1942 to 1943 tokens were struck for use within the Łódź Ghetto. Eigentlich hatte er damit nur Gutes im Sinne, denn er wollte seine Enkel unterstützen, doch die Deutsch Bundesbank lehnte dies ab. Juni / 24. This was necessary due to the 1920s German inflation which had reached its peak in 1923. These served as legal tender alongside the currency of the occupied countries. Coins and banknotes for circulation in the occupied territories during the war were issued by the Reichskreditkassen. Bei eBay finden Sie jede Art von Papiergeld aus dem Deutschen Reich von 1871 bis 1945. In 1933, nickel 1 Reichsmark coins were introduced, and new silver 2 and 5 Reichsmark coins were introduced which were smaller but struck in .625 and .900 fineness so as to maintain the amount of silver. Das Gewicht von 5 Reichsmark liegt bei 13,88 Gramm. In 1935, aluminium 50 Reichspfennig coins were introduced, initially for just the one year. P-179 . The second issue commemorated persons who made contributions to German agriculture, industry, economy, science, and architecture: 10 Reichsmark issued in 1929 commemorated agronomist Albrecht Thaer; 20 Reichsmark issued in 1929 commemorated engineer, inventor, and industrialist Werner von Siemens; 50 Reichsmark issued in 1933 commemorated Prussian politician and banker David Hansemann; 100 Reichsmark issued in 1935 commemorated chemist and "father of fertilizer industry" Justus von Liebig; 1,000 Reichsmark issued in 1936 commemorated Prussian architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel.